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A national census in Canada is conducted every five years by Statistics Canada. The census provides demographic and statistical data that is used to plan public services including health care, education, and transportation, determine federal transfer payments,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Census and... )〕 and determine the number of Members of Parliament for each province and territory. At a sub-national level, two provinces (Alberta and Saskatchewan) and two territories (Nunavut and Yukon) have legislation that allows local governments to conduct their own municipal censuses. In an article in the ''New York Times'' in August 2015, journalist Stephen Marche, argued that by ending the mandatory long-form census in 2011, the federal government "stripped Canada of its capacity to gather information about itself" in the "age of information." Nearly "500 organizations in Canada, including the Canadian Medical Association, the Canadian Chamber of Commerce and the Canadian Catholic Council of Bishops protested the decision to replace the long form Census in 2011 with a shorter version. However, on November 5, 2015, during the first Liberal caucus meeting since forming a majority government, the party announced that it would reinstate the mandatory〔http://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/the-long-form-census-is-back-in-time-for-2016〕 long-form census,〔http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/liberals-can-restore-long-form-census-for-2016-if-they-act-quickly-observers-say-1.3291284〕 starting in 2016. == History == The first census in what is now Canada took place in New France in 1666, under the direction of Intendant Jean Talon. The census noted the age, sex, marital status and occupation of 3,215 inhabitants. The first national census of the country Canada was taken in 1871, as required by section 8 of the then-''British North America Act'' (now the ''Constitution Act of 1867''). The constitution required a census was to be taken in 1871 and every tenth year thereafter.〔 Parliament implemented the requirements of the constitution through the ''Census Act'' of May 12, 1870. All inhabitants of Canada were included, including aboriginals. While this was the first national census of Canada, only four provinces existed at the time: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Other areas of what later became part of Canada continued to be enumerated in their own separate censuses. The results of the 1871 census, in both English and French were reported in a five volume set. In 1881, the governing legislation was amended to require census takers to take an oath of secrecy.〔 By this time, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, and British Columbia were part of Canada and included in the national census, as was the North-West Territories. A special census was conducted in 1906 after Alberta and Saskatchewan were carved out of the North-West Territories and became provinces. These special censuses continued every 10 years until 1956, at which time all of Canada was included. Since that time, a census has been conducted in Canada every five years. In 1912, the federal government transferred responsibility for conducting the census from the Ministry of Agriculture to the Ministry of Trade and Commerce.〔 In 1918, the government established the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, which was renamed Statistics Canada in 1971 and continues to be responsible for the census.〔 With Newfoundland's entry into Canada in 1949, that province has been included in the Canadian census since 1951.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Census in Canada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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